The First American Corporation / Annual Report 2001




notes to consolidated financial statements

 NOTE 1

Description of the Company:

    The First American Corporation (the Company), through its subsidiaries, is engaged in the business of providing business information and related products and services. The Company’s three primary business segments are title insurance and services, real estate information and services and consumer information and services. The title insurance segment issues residential and commercial title insurance policies, provides escrow services, equity loan services, tax-deferred exchanges and other related products. The real estate information segment provides tax monitoring, mortgage credit reporting, property database services, flood certification, default management services, mortgage loan servicing systems, mortgage document preparation and other real estate-related services. The consumer information segment provides home warranties, property and casualty insurance, resident screening, pre-employment screening, substance abuse management and testing, specialized credit reporting, automotive insurance tracking and other services, investment advisory and trust and thrift services.

Significant Accounting Policies:

Principles of consolidation

    The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of The First American Corporation and all majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Certain 2000 amounts have been reclassified to conform with the 2001 presentation.

Cash equivalents

    The Company considers cash equivalents to be all short-term investments that have an initial maturity of 90 days or less and are not restricted for statutory deposit or premium reserve requirements. The carrying amount for cash equivalents is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the short-term maturity of these investments.

Investments

    Deposits with savings and loan associations and banks are short-term investments with initial maturities of more than 90 days. The carrying amount of these investments is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to their short-term nature.

    Debt securities are carried at fair value and consist primarily of investments in obligations of the United States Treasury, various corporations and certain state and political subdivisions.

    Equity securities are carried at fair value and consist primarily of investments in marketable common stocks of corporate entities in which the Company’s ownership does not exceed 20.0%.

    Other long-term investments consist primarily of investments in affiliates, which are accounted for under the equity method of accounting; and notes receivable, which are carried at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell.

    The Company classifies its debt and equity securities portfolio as available-for-sale and, accordingly, includes unrealized gains and losses, net of related tax effects, as a component of other comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses on investments are determined using the specific-identification method.

Property and equipment

    Furniture and equipment includes computer software acquired and developed for internal use and for use with the Company’s products. Software development costs are capitalized from the time technological feasibility is established until the software is ready for use.

    Effective January 1, 1999, the Company adopted Statement of Position 98-1, “Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use” (“SOP 98-1”). SOP 98-1 requires the Company to capitalize interest costs incurred and certain payroll-related costs of employees directly associated with developing software, in addition to incremental payments to third parties. The adoption of SOP 98-1 did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

    Depreciation on buildings and on furniture and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of 25 to 45 and 3 to 10 years, respectively. Capitalized software costs are amortized using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of 3 to 10 years.

Title plants and other indexes

    Title plants and other indexes are carried at original cost. The costs of daily maintenance (updating) of these plants and other indexes are charged to expense as incurred. Because properly maintained title plants and other indexes have indefinite lives and do not diminish in value with the passage of time, no provision has been made for depreciation.

Assets acquired in connection with claim settlements

    In connection with settlement of title insurance and other claims, the Company sometimes purchases mortgages, deeds of trust, real property or judgment liens. These assets, sometimes referred to as “salvage assets,” are carried at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell and are included in “Other assets” in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The balance for these assets was $29.4 million and $27.8 million at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively.

Goodwill and other intangibles

    Goodwill recognized in business combinations is amortized over its estimated useful life ranging from 10 to 40 years. Other intangibles, which include customer lists and covenants not to compete, are amortized over their estimated useful lives, ranging from 3 to 20 years. The Company periodically evaluates the amortization period assigned to each intangible asset to ensure that there have not been any events or circumstances that warrant revised estimates of useful lives.

    On July 20, 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141, “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141”). This statement addresses financial accounting and reporting for business combinations and supercedes Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 16, “Business Combinations.” All business combinations in the scope of SFAS 141 are to be accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. The provisions of SFAS 141 apply to all business combinations initiated or closed after June 30, 2001. Management of the Company anticipates that the adoption of SFAS 141 will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

    On July 20, 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (“SFAS 142”). This statement addresses financial accounting and reporting for goodwill and other intangibles and supercedes APB Opinion No. 17, “Intangible Assets.” SFAS 142 addresses how goodwill and other intangible assets should be accounted for in the financial statements. Goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite lives will not be amortized, but rather will be tested at least annually for impairment. Intangible assets that have finite lives will continue to be amortized over their useful lives. The provisions of SFAS 142 are required to be applied starting with fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2001, and apply to all goodwill and other intangible assets recognized in the financial statements at that date. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired after June 30, 2001, were subject immediately to nonamortization and amortization provisions of SFAS 142. Management is in the process of assessing the impact of implementing the impairment provision of SFAS 142 on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. Management estimates that the adoption of the nonamortization provision of SFAS 142 will increase income before income taxes and minority interests in 2002 by $18.0 million, or $0.17 per diluted share, excluding the effects of impairment, if any.

Impairment of goodwill, loans receivable and other long-lived assets

    The Company periodically reviews the carrying value of goodwill, loans receivable and other long-lived assets for impairment when events or circumstances warrant such a review.

    To the extent that the undiscounted cash flows related to the businesses underlying the goodwill are less than the carrying value of the related goodwill, such goodwill will be reduced to fair value.

    A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans receivable are measured at the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. As a practical expedient, the loan may be valued based on its observable market price or the fair value of the collateral, if the loan is collateral-dependent.

    To the extent that the undiscounted cash flows related to other long-lived assets are less than the assets’ carrying value, the carrying value of such assets is reduced to the assets’ fair value.

Reserve for known and incurred but not reported claims

    The Company provides for title insurance losses based upon its historical experience by a charge to expense when the related premium revenue is recognized. Title insurance losses and other claims associated with ceded reinsurance are provided for as the Company remains contingently liable in the event that the reinsurer does not satisfy its obligations. The reserve for known and incurred but not reported claims reflects management’s best estimate of the total costs required to settle all claims reported to the Company and claims incurred but not reported. The process applied to estimated claim costs is subject to many variables, including changes and trends in the type of title insurance policies issued, the real estate market and the interest rate environment. It is reasonably possible that a change in the estimate will occur in the future.

    The Company provides for claims losses relating to its home warranty and property and casualty insurance businesses based on the average cost per claim as applied to the total of new claims incurred. The average cost per home warranty claim is calculated using the average of the most recent 12 months of claims experience. The average cost per property and casualty insurance claim is calculated using historical claims experience.

Operating revenues

    Title Insurance — Title premiums on policies issued directly by the Company are recognized on the effective date of the title policy and escrow fees are recorded upon close of the escrow. Revenues from title policies issued by independent agents are recorded when notice of issuance is received from the agent.

    Real Estate Information — In December 1999, the Company adopted Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101 (SAB), “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements.” The SAB, which became effective January 1, 1999, applies to the Company’s tax service operations and requires the deferral of the tax service fee and the recognition of that fee as revenue ratably over the expected service period. The amortization rates applied to recognize the revenues assume a 10-year contract life and are adjusted to reflect prepayments. The Company reviews its tax service contract portfolio quarterly to determine if there have been changes in contract lives and/or changes in the number and/or timing of prepayments. Accordingly, the Company may adjust the rates to reflect current trends. The SAB finalized a series of changes instituted by the Securities and Exchange Commission concerning revenue recognition policies. As a result of adopting the SAB, in 1999, the Company reported a charge of $55.6 million, net of income taxes and minority interests, as a cumulative change in accounting principle and reduced net income by $10.9 million, or $0.16 per diluted share. During the year ended December 31, 2001, the Company recognized $18.2 million in revenues that were included in the cumulative effect adjustment. Revenues earned by the other products in the real estate information segment are recognized at the time of delivery, as the Company has no significant ongoing obligation after delivery.

    Consumer Information — Revenues from home warranty contracts are recognized ratably over the 12-month duration of the contracts. Revenues from property and casualty insurance policies are recognized ratably over the 12-month duration of the policies. Interest on loans with the Company’s thrift subsidiary is recognized on the outstanding principal balance on the accrual basis. Loan origination fees and related direct loan origination costs are deferred and recognized over the life of the loan. Revenues earned by the other products in the consumer information segment are recognized at the time of delivery, as the Company has no significant ongoing obligation after delivery.

Premium taxes

    Title insurance, property and casualty insurance and home warranty companies, like other types of insurers, are generally not subject to state income or franchise taxes. However, in lieu thereof, most states impose a tax based primarily on insurance premiums written. This premium tax is reported as a separate line item in the consolidated statements of income in order to provide a more meaningful disclosure of the taxation of the Company.

Income taxes

    Taxes are based on income for financial reporting purposes and include deferred taxes applicable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amount and the tax basis of certain of the Company’s assets and liabilities.

Earnings per share

    Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weightedaverage number of common shares outstanding. The computation of diluted earnings per share is similar to the computation of basic earnings per share, except that the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if potential dilutive common shares had been issued.

Risk of real estate market

    Real estate activity is cyclical in nature and is affected greatly by the cost and availability of long-term mortgage funds. Real estate activity and, in turn, the majority of the Company’s revenues can be adversely affected during periods of high interest rates and/or limited money supply.

Use of estimates

    The preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the statements. Actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions used.

Fiduciary assets and liabilities

    Assets and liabilities of the trusts and escrows administered by the Company are not included in the consolidated balance sheets.